Could

"Could" is used to express possibility or past ability as well as to make suggestions and requests. "Could" is also commonly used in conditional sentences as the conditional form of "can."

Examples:

• Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city. possibility
• Nancy could ski like a pro by the age of 11. past ability
• You could see a movie or go out to dinner. suggestion
• Could I use your computer to email my boss? request
• We could go on the trip if I didn't have to work this weekend. conditional

Modal verbs

What are Modal Verbs?

Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences:

1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person.

Examples:

• He can  speak Chinese.
• She should  be here by 9:00.

2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past.

Examples:

• He should not be late.
• They might not come to the party.

3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.

Examples:

• He will can go with us. Not Correct
• She musted study very hard. Not Correct

Common Modal Verbs

Can Could May Might Must

Ought to Shall Should Will Would

For the purposes of this tutorial, we have included some expressions which are not modal verbs including had better, have to, and have got to. These expressions are closely related to modals in meaning and are often interchanged with them.

Vowel sounds!

Asking and giving instructions vocabulary:

Asking for Instructions

How do you (do this)?

How do I . . . ?

What is the best way to . . . ?

How do I go about it?

What do you suggest?

How do you suggest I proceed?

What is the first step?

Giving Instructions

Sequencing

First, (you) . . .

Then, (you) . . .

Next, (you) . . .

Lastly, (you) . . .

Starting out

Before you begin, (you should . . .)

The first thing you do is . . . .

I would start by . . .

The best place to begin is . . .

To begin with,. . .

Continuing

After that,. . .

The next step is to . . .

The next thing you do is . . .

Once you've done that, then . . .

When you finish that, then . . .

Finishing

The last step is . . .

The last thing you do is . . .

In the end,. . .

When you've finished,. . .

When you've completed all the steps,. . .

This is it!! I hope you'll be able to ask and give instructions about anything now!! If you want, you can send us a topic you would like to see here!!

13 Healing Powers of Lemons

If you’re not getting fresh lemons into your diet, you may want to reconsider after reading the many health benefits of lemons, lemon juice, pith (the white part), or zest (skin).

Here are 13 amazing healing powers of lemons:

Bowel-Cleansing: The bitter taste of lemon gives these fruit the ability to increase peristalsis–a pumping-motion in the bowels–which helps to eliminate waste from the bowels and improve regularity. Add the juice of one lemon to warm water and drink first thing in the morning.

Cancer: Lemons contain 22 anti-cancer compounds, including limonene—a naturally-occurring oil that slows or halts the growth of cancer tumors in animals. Lemons also contain a substance called flavonol glycosides which stop cell division in cancer cells.

Colds and Flu: Lemons are rich in vitamin C and flavonoids that work in conjunction for a serious punch against infection.

Liver: Fresh lemon juice added to a large glass of water in the morning is a great liver detoxifier.

Nutrition: Lemons contain vitamin C, citric acid, flavonoids, B-complex vitamins, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and fiber.

Balances Body Chemistry: While lemons are acidic they interact with the body’s metabolism to have an alkalizing effect on the bodily fluids helping to restore balance to the body’s pH.

Allergies: Lemons contain the phytonutrient hesperetin which has been shown in studies to alleviate allergic symptoms.

Brain and Nervous System Disorders: Containing the potent phytonutrient tangeretin in the peel, lemons have been proven to be effective for brain disorders like Parkinson’s disease.

Eye Disorders: Rutin, found in lemons, has been shown in research to improve the symptoms of eye disorders, including diabetic retinopathy.

Anti-Viral: In addition to being effective against cold and flu viruses, terpene limonoids found in lemons have proven anti-viral effects on other types of viruses.

Diabetes: In addition to improving eye problems linked with diabetes, lemons contain hesperetin which lowers blood sugar levels (when they are high).

Gall and Kidney Stones: The citric acid found in lemon juice helps to dissolve gallstones, calcium deposits, and kidney stones.

Anti-Aging: The vitamin C found in lemons helps to neutralize free radicals linked to aging and most types of disease.
Cook with Lemon!

plastic bottle green house build guide !

How to construct a Greenhouse using Plastic Water bottles !!

Well I think from the picture you have already seen, I reckon you will
have a good idea as how to make your greenhouse, however take a look hereà(http://www.reapscotland.org.uk/reports/greenhouse%20v1.pdf
) there were certain
points on the site that I didn’t like, so I adapted my construction a little
different to theirs, since my 1^st green house I have adapted even
more.  also I used only 1.5 litre water
bottles that friends on the island collect for me, in 3 months I had collected
over 7000 bottles, fortunately most had easy peeling labels, the rest are awful
to peel, but hey! It’s all for a great cause. Did you know, it takes over 100
years for a single plastic bottle to completely decay?

 

1)You need a terrific amount of storage space to keep your
collected bottles, the greenhouse I made  measures 2mtrs x 2mtrs and 1.9 high and took a
little over 1000 bottles to make !

2) It will benefit you, if you put all the different
types of bottles in separate sections, I do this as it’s easier to find the
same type bottles to make the gaps between each bottle the same !

3) I find, sharp blades are the best for cutting the bottles, so you
will need lots of blades and lots of band aids. ( If you’re anything as clumsy
as me ) I use 2” x 2” timber for my frames ( panels ) and all the wood is
treated ( stained ) before any bottles are fitted ! ( NOTE ) never ever
use nails, screw and glue all wood frame joints, because if you make an error,
you will damage the wood trying to prise it apart !  Also make sure you start at the top of the
panel and work downwards, otherwise later on when the greenhouse is outside,
rain water will get into the cuts and may go mouldy!  working from the top ensure all cuts are
downward and rain won’t get in !

4) Clear Silicon ( transparent glue ).  I squeeze a little dab of
clear silicon in between each bottle when the full panel is finished, laid on
the floor I run a soft sweeping brush over the finished panel, to make sure all
the bottles are flat, then I squeeze in the silicon ( glue ) this gives greater
strength !

5) When you have measured the diameter of your bottles, you can work out
how wide your wood frame has to be, don't guess or you will either be to short
or too long, and the bottles will have big gaps in between them, “which looks
awful” ( I did this on my 1st attempt, but learned very quick ) the height of
your green house is entirely up to you, as you can cut the length of a bottle
to any size, the width of your frame is important so that the bottles fit
in nice and snug.

6) You must lay your wood frame flat on the floor and put thin pieces of
wood underneath the frame to lift it up, this is so the centre of the bottles
are centred to the middle of wood frame ( otherwise your bottles will be  proud on the other side) and won't look nice.

7) When you see my pictures, you will notice I cut a bottle in half, and
I screw the bottom of the bottle onto the inside top of the readymade frame,
this will ensure they won’t move about or blow around when its windy ( which is
quite frustrating ) !

8) I then cut about 1 inch off the bottom of every other bottle and
insert the top of those bottles into the half cut bottles that I screwed to the
wood, this is done all the way along the frame until you get close the bottom
of the wood frame.

9) I then put full ( uncut ) bottles along the bottom of the wood frame,
 now you should have a gap from the full
bottle and the last cut bottle, measure this gap and cut a bottle enough so it’s
a tight snug fit, then push it into position, do this the full length of the
wood frame until you have a full panel. Every 4^th row of bottles
will have a hole of 16mm ( use a soldering iron to do this ) the top on and the
bottom one has this hole, and directly where that hole sits on the wood frame,
a 16mm hole is drilled through the wood, then a 15mm bamboo or 15 mm steel bar
can be threaded through one end of the frame and inside the bottles until it
comes through the other end of the wood frame, ( I cut the bamboo or steel a few
mm short so I can hammer a nail underneath it to stop it falling out when you
move the frame, without these, the panels will be weak.

10) If you make 3 wood panels all the same size you will be able to
screw the wood frames together making a back and two sides’ !  The front, which will have the door, takes a
little more working out, especially as you have to add more wood to take the
doors hinges !

11) The roof will be made exactly the same width as the back and front panels,
but will be made longer than the side panels; this is so it will over hang and
allow rain to run off.

12) I then make a flap panel; this is for ventilation in very hot
weather and saves having to keep the door open all the time. I make this flap
panel exactly as the other panels, the same width as the roof panel, but only
18 inches long, this is hinged to one end of the roof panel. 

13) When the roof is hinged to the flap panel and laid flat on the
floor, dab each and every bottle

with silicone ( glue ) then run a thin line of silicone ( glue ) along
the wood frame ! Now take a big enough piece of heavy duty plastic sheeting (
polythene ) roll it up tightly and put the end of it on one end of the wood
frame, gently roll out the plastic sheeting ( polythene ) right across the two
panels, and when both are covered, staple the plastic sheeting ( polythene ) to
the wood frame, now gently run over the top of the plastic sheeting ( polythene
) with the soft brush, this will make the silicone ( glue ) stick the plastic
sheeting ( polythene ).

14) ok, now let’s presume you have moved your panels to the desired
location and have erected the two side panels and the front and back panels !
take the two hinged roof panels and turn them over so that the plastic sheeting
( polythene ) is facing to the ground, with lots of helpers lift it up and sit
it on top of the other panels, now, the amount of fall you want for your green
house is entirely up to you, here is what I do, I make sure I have 1 foot (12
inches ) over hang at the back, go to the front and lift the roof panel so that
the flap panel slides upward, leaving approximately 6-8 inches overhang on the
front panel, ( for not slot a piece of waste wood in the two ends to keep it in
place ).

15) Now carefully take the two roof panels away and make a simple wood
frame from the top of the waste wood all the way to the back so it can be
screwed to the back,  fix it at the front
with screws to the height the waste wood was, with help lift the roof panels
back into position, remembering plastic sheeting ( polythene ) facing downwards,
align the back over hang and fix to the simple frame work, this will trap the
plastic sheeting ( polythene  ) and will
make it secure.

16) Unfortunately the roof sides cannot be filled with bottles due to
the angle and decreasing backend, so I use the heavy duty plastic sheeting (
polythene ) and staple it to the sides, cutting away any oversize, I then cover
that with thin strips of wood the same diameter as the woof frame, this hides
the staples and makes a neater finish.

17) A simple catch or sliding bolt on each side of the flap panel will
keep it open or closed !

18) Fixing in position You could use the method on the website I
sent you, position your greenhouse, dig four deep holes at the corners and
screw beams to the sides of the greenhouse, making sure at least you have 18
inches into the ground, the fill the holes with concrete. I sat my greenhouse
next to a wall, and I made up steel brackets that fix to the greenhouse and
bolt to the wall, for the front bottom I drove steel bars into the earth as far
as I could, cut to length and fixed to the sides of the greenhouse with
overlapping brackets. We have had force 8 gales here recently and my greenhouse
has not budged.

I really can’t think of anything else, if you feel I have missed
something please let me know, and ill help as much as I can.

Enjoy your construction, I love working with the bottles and have made
several things from them, don’t throw your bottles tops away, find a nice piece
of flat board, paint one side with glue and stick the tops in the glue, keep
them close together and work from the middle of the board until you reach the
sides, get your jigsaw and cut around the edge tops, find a thin bendable 1inch
piece of wood and go all the way around the board, glue and pin it, then before
the glue dries, sprinkle tiny beach pebbles into the gaps, you now have a cool
fab table top, and all ya need do is make some legs !!

Please  please take before and
after pictures of your project, each and every step of the way take a picture,
and let me see how you’re getting on.

Thanks ever so much for your interest in this, and remember, get your
children involved like I do with Luci, but most of all, you’re doing your
little bit for the Environment!!

Good Luck!                                         

Tools Required:                                                         
Materials Required:                      Approx 1000, 1.5ltr Plastic Bottles!

Electric Drill (or Battery drill)!                    26 x 2x2 rough sawn timber!
                        20 x 2 mar canes
or 15mm steels!                        

1 x 16mm wood Bit,                                        2
Litres Wood Stain,

1 x 4mm wood Bit,                                          PVA
Glue,

Posy   (+) screwdriver                                   85mm Wood
screws (approx 100)!

Stanley Knife, (new blades)!                        25mm pins   (approx 100)!

Light Hammer,                                            
25 metre 2x half rough sawn timber,

Set Square,                                                   
1 x 2” paint brush,

Wood Saw,                                                    
3 x 75mm hinges (door)!

Sand Paper,                                                  
18 x 40mm screws (door)!

Pencil,                                                             1
x 100 mm sliding bolt,

Staple Gun, (Staples)                                    3 meters
thick polythene sheeting,

                                                                      
6 tubes Clear Silicone (gun)!

International Women's Day

What do people do?

International Women’s Day events are held worldwide on March 8. Various women, including political, community, and business leaders, as well as leading educators, inventors, entrepreneurs, and television personalities, are usually invited to speak at various events on the day. Such events may include seminars, conferences, luncheons, dinners or breakfasts. The messages given at these events often focus on various themes such as innovation, the portrayal of women in the media, or the importance of education and career opportunities.

Many students in schools and other educational settings participate in special lessons, debates or presentations about the importance of women in society, their influence, and issues that affect them.  In some countries school children bring gifts to their female teachers and women receive small presents from friends or family members. Many workplaces make a special mention about International Women’s Day through internal newsletters or notices, or by handing out promotional material focusing on the day.

Public life

International Women’s Day, is a public holiday in some countries such as (but not exclusive to):

• Azerbaijan.
• Armenia.
• Belarus.
• Kazakhstan.
• Moldova
• Russia.
• Ukraine.

Many businesses, government offices, educational institutions are closed in the above-mentioned countries on this day, where it is sometimes called Women’s Day. International Women’s Day is a national observance in many other countries. Some cities may host various wide-scale events such as street marches, which may temporarily affect parking and traffic conditions.

Background

Much progress has been made to protect and promote women’s rights in recent times. However, nowhere in the world can women claim to have all the same rights and opportunities as men, according to the UN. The majority of the world's 1.3 billion absolute poor are women. On average, women receive between 30 and 40 percent less pay than men earn for the same work. Women also continue to be victims of violence, with rape and domestic violence listed as significant causes of disability and death among women worldwide.

The first International Women’s Day occurred on March 19 in 1911. The inaugural event, which included rallies and organized meetings, was a big success in countries such as Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. The March 19 date was chosen because it commemorated the day that the Prussian king promised to introduce votes for women in 1848. The promise gave hope for equality but it was a promise that he failed to keep.  The International Women’s Day date was moved to March 8 in 1913.

The UN drew global attention to women's concerns in 1975 by calling for an International Women's Year. It also convened the first conference on women in Mexico City that year. The UN General Assembly then invited member states to proclaim March 8 as the UN Day for Women's Rights and International Peace in 1977. The day aimed to help nations worldwide eliminate discrimination against women. It also focused on helping women gain full and equal participation in global development.  International Men’s Day is also celebrated on November 19 each year.

Symbols

The International Women’s Day logo is in purple and white and features the symbol of Venus, which is also the symbol of being female.  The faces of women of all backgrounds, ages, and nations are also seen in various promotions, such as posters, postcards and information booklets, on International Women’s Day.  Various messages and slogans that promote the day are also publicized during this time of the year.

You can get more information about the international women's day at:

http://www.internationalwomensday.com/

Have a nice day! Learn with ease!

Some examples of linking words

It's very important to know some linking words and here i'll present some of them to you! Check it out!!

Giving examples

For example
For instance
Namely
The most common way of giving examples is by using for example or for instance.
Namely refers to something by name.
"There are two problems: namely, the expense and the time."

Adding information

And
In addition
As well as
Also
Too
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides
Ideas are often linked by and. In a list, you put a comma between each item, but not before and.
"We discussed training, education and the budget."
Also is used to add an extra idea or emphasis. "We also spoke about marketing."
You can use also with not only to give emphasis.
"We are concerned not only by the costs, but also by the competition."
We don't usually start a sentence with also. If you want to start a sentence with a phrase that means also, you can use In addition, or In addition to this…
As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence.
"As well as the costs, we are concerned by the competition."
"We are interested in costs as well as the competition."
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as, or in addition to.
"Apart from Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer."
"Besides Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer."
Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are making.
"Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market. Moreover, they tell us about the competition."

Summarising

In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a summary of what we have said or written.

Sequencing ideas

Firstly, secondly, finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
Firstly, … secondly, … finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas.
It's rare to use "fourthly", or "fifthly". Instead, try the first point, the second point, the third point and so on.
The following is a good way of starting a list.
"The following people have been chosen to go on the training course: N Peters, C Jones and A Owen."

Giving a reason

Due to / due to the fact that
Owing to / owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun.
"Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%."
"Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks."
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject, verb and object), you must follow the words with the fact that.
"Due to the fact that oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25."
"Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike, the company has been unable to fulfil all its orders."
Because / because of
Because of is followed by a noun.
"Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed."
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. For example, "Because it was raining, the match was postponed."
"We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more productive."
Since / as
Since and as mean because.
"Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."
"As the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."

Giving a result

Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way.
"The company are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on extra staff."
So is more informal.

Contrasting ideas

But
However
Although / even though
Despite / despite the fact that
In spite of / in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theory… in practice…
But is more informal than however. It is not normally used at the beginning of a sentence.
"He works hard, but he doesn't earn much."
"He works hard. However, he doesn't earn much."
Although, despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast. With these words, you must have two halves of a sentence.
"Although it was cold, she went out in shorts."
"In spite of the cold, she went out in shorts."
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to. They must be followed by a noun. If you want to follow them with a noun and a verb, you must use the fact that.
"Despite the fact that the company was doing badly, they took on extra employees."
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway.
"The sea was cold, but he went swimming nevertheless." (In spite of the fact that it was cold.)
"The company is doing well. Nonetheless, they aren't going to expand this year."
While, whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different from each other.
"While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown."
"Taxes have gone up, whereas social security contributions have gone down."
"Unlike in the UK, the USA has cheap petrol."
In theory… in practice… show an unexpected result.
"In theory, teachers should prepare for lessons, but in practice, they often don't have enough time."

I hope i've helped!!

1 ) AT - IN - ON

1 ) AT - IN - ON
General Information:
AT	ON
We use at for a point:	We use on for a surface:
at the window - at the entrance -  at the door	on the wall - on the ceiling - on the floor - on a page
at the end of the street - at the station -  at the top	on a cover
Bill is waiting for you at the bus stop.	Have you seen the notice on the notice board?
IN
We use in for an enclosed space:
in the garden - in the house - in London - in the water
in her bag - in a row - in a town
There is nobody in the room. She lives in a small village.
Special Information:
AT
1. We say that someone is at an event:	2. We say at with buildings when we say where the event (film, concert,...) takes place:
at a party - at a pop concert -  at  a conference - at a meeting	Where were you yesterday? At the cinema.
Tom is at a party.	The meeting took place at the headquarters.
3. We say at someone's house:	4. We say at for a place which is a part of our journey:
We were at Bill's house last Thursday.	We stopped at a very nice village. Does the train stop at Nashville?
ON
1. We use on with small islands:	2. We say that a place is on the coast / on a river / on a road:
She spent her holiday on a small island.	London is on the river Thames.
	Portsmouth is on the south coast of England.
IN
1. We say in when we talk about a building itself.	2. We usually say in with towns and villages:
The rooms of Tom's house are small.	His parents live in York.
Note these expressions:
AT
at home - at work - at school - at university - at college - at the station - at an airport - at the seaside -  at sea (on a voyage) - at reception - at the corner of a street - at the back / front of a  building / cinema / group of people, etc. - arrive at with other places or events
IN
in the newspaper - in bed - in hospital - in prison - in the street - in the sky - in an armchair (sit) - in a photograph - in a picture - in a mirror - in the corner of a room - in the back / front of a car - arrive in a country or town
ON
on a farm - on the left - on the right - on the ground floor - on the first, second,... floor - on the way - on the chair (sit) - on the radio - on television - on a horse - on the corner of a street - on the back / front of a letter / piece of paper etc.
2) TO - INTO - BY
TO	INTO
We say go / come / travel / fly / walk / return / drive / have been etc. to a place or event:	We say go into / come into etc. = enter a room / building etc.:
Last year we flew to London. We went to work at seven.	He opened the door and went into the room.
BY
We say by to say how we travel:
We went to Paris by plane. I usually go to work by bike / by car / by underground / by bus
BUT:
we say on foot
we cannot use by if you say my car / the train / a taxi
Then use in for taxis and cars.
Then use on for bike / public transport.
I hope i've helped!! Have a nice day!