quinta-feira, 28 de julho de 2011

Modal verb "ought to"

People have been asking me about this, so, i decided to post it here for y'all. Check it out!

Ought To

"Ought to" is used to advise or make recommendations. "Ought to" also expresses assumption or expectation as well as strong probability, often with the idea that something is deserved. "Ought not" (without "to") is used to advise against doing something, although Americans prefer the less formal forms "should not" or "had better not."
Examples:

· You ought to stop smoking. recommendation

· Jim ought to get the promotion. It is expected because he deserves it.

· This stock ought to increase in value. probability

· Mark ought not drink so much. advice against something (notice there is no "to")

Using "Ought to" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "ought to" behaves in different contexts.

Modal Use	Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future	Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future	You can also use:
ought to recommendation, advice	1. Margaret ought to exercise more. 2. Margaret ought to have exercised more so she would be better prepared for the marathon. 3. Margaret ought to come to the fitness center with us tonight.	1. Margaret ought not exercise too much. It might cause injury. 2. Margaret ought not have run the marathon. She wasn't in good shape. 3. Margaret ought not stay at home in front of the TV. She should go to the fitness center with us.	should
ought to assumption, expectation, probability	1. She ought to have the package by now. 2. She ought to have received the package yesterday. 3. She ought to receive the package tonight.	"Ought not" is used primarily to express negative recommendations. (See above.)	should

Notice "Ought not"
Remember that "ought to" loses the "to" in the negative. Instead of "ought not to," we say "ought not." "Ought not" is more commonly used in British English. Americans prefer "should not."
Examples:

· You ought not smoke so much.

· She ought not take such risks while skiing.

· They ought not carry so much cash while traveling.

I hope that helps!!

By Fabio

Presentation Project: São Geraldo City

This is Rhaissa, an intermediate student presenting a city

she usually goes on her vacations.Don't mind mistakes and

enjoy the video!

terça-feira, 26 de julho de 2011

Presentation: My Life

This is Pedro. He is talking about his life and his future plans...

segunda-feira, 25 de julho de 2011

The definite article - The

Emprega-se o artigo definido the:
1 com substantivos contáveis (singulares e plurais) e com substantivos não-contáveis (que são sempre singulares):
the book	o livro
the books	os livros
the rice	o arroz
2 para se referir a algo já mencionado na frase anterior:
I saw a man and a woman yesterday. The man was short and the woman was tall.	Eu vi um homem e uma mulher ontem. O homem era baixo e a mulher era alta.
3 quando se espera que a pessoa a quem dirigimos saiba do que estamos a referir:
It's hot in here. Could you open the window, please?	Está calor aqui. Podias abrir a janela, por favor?
4 quando algo pode ser identificado a partir de um contexto conhecido entre os intervenientes:
I must go to the post office.	Tenho que ir aos correios.
The beach is full of people.	A praia está cheia de gente.
5 com expressões que têm a ver com instrumentos musicais no singular:
She plays the piano.	Ela toca piano.
6 com expressões que têm a ver com palavras radio, cinema, theatre:
Be quiet! I'm listening to the radio.	Esteja calado! Estou a ouvir a rádio.
I used to go to the cinema every week.	Eu costumava ir ao cinema todas as semanas.
7 nos superlativos:
the best book	o melhor livro
the most expensive car	o carro mais caro
8 com numerais ordinais: first, second, third, ... e next, last:
the first exercise	o primeiro exercício
the last exercise	o último exercício
9 com períodos do dia e da noite:
in the morning	de manhã
in the afternoon	à tarde
in the evening	à noite
10 para se referir a algo que é único:
the moon	a lua
the earth	a terra
the sun	o sol
11 com nomes de lugares: arquipélagos, mares, oceanos, cadeias de montanhas, rios, desertos, hotéis, cinemas, galerias, teatros, museus:
the Azores	os Açores
the Himalayas	os Himalaias
the Tagus	o Tejo
the Atlantic Ocean	o Oceano Atlântico
the Sahara Desert	o Deserto Saara
the United Kingdom	o Reino Unido
the United States	os Estados Unidos
the Ritz Hotel	o Hotel Ritz
the Odeon Cinema	o Cinema Odeon
the National Gallery	a Galeria Nacional
the Shakespeare Theatre	o Teatro Shakespeare
the Natural History Museum	o Museu de História Natural
12 com adjectivos para representar uma classe de pessoas:
the old	os idosos
the rich	os ricos
the Portuguese	os Portugueses
the British	os Britânicos / os Ingleses
13 com nomes dos jornais:
the Times	o Times
the Guardian	o Guardian
14 oralmente com datas:
(the) 10th (of) June	10 de Junho
(the) 7th (of) August	7 de Agosto
15 com apelidos plurais:
the Smiths	os Smiths / a família Smith
the Browns	os Browns / a família Brown
16 para se referir a indivíduos, instituições, organizações com autoridade:
the Prime Minister	o Primeiro Ministro
the Houses of Parliament	as Casas do Parlamento
the Beatles	os Beatles
the University of Cambridge	a Universidade de Cambridge
17 para se referir a alguém bem conhecido:
I know Tony Blair, the Prime Minister.	Conheço Tony Blair, o Primeiro Ministro.